Influence of solar radiation on mango fruit growth and its biological

optimum (Mangifera indica ) through regression in Cerecita exporting zone,

Guayas Province

Influencia de la radiación solar sobre el crecimiento de frutos de mango y su optimo

biológico (Mangifera indica ) a través de regresión en Cerecita zona exportadora, Provincia

del Guayas

Master's Degree, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil-

Master, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador. Guayaquil-Ecuador.

This research work analyzed the influence of solar radiation on the growth of mango fruits

(Mangifera indica L.) in the province of Guayas. This project was carried out in the following

mango exporting zones of the Tommy Atkins variety: Balzar - Producer A, Nobol: Producer B

and C, Palestina - Producer D and Cerecita: Producer E, F and G, where only the information

particular to Cerecita was analyzed. The methodology was descriptive analytical; the results

were obtained using statistical methods of regression and multiple linear correlation. The

variables taken were: solar radiation, precipitation, relative humidity, average temperature and

fruit size in the area under study. The values of the climatic factors were defined with the help

of data obtained from INAMHI from 1984 to 2018; likewise, it was determined that there is no

variation in climate change in the variables mentioned above, except for the average

year; finally, the influence between solar radiation and fruit size was analyzed, finding that

there is no correlation between the variables. Concluding this research, several authors stated

that, with an adequate integrated management of the crop and soil (nutrition, water, relevant

cultural tasks, etc.), it would be sufficient to increase the size of the fruits of the Tomy Atkins

Balzar- Productor A, Nobol: Productor B y C, Palestina – Productor D y Cerecita: Productor

analítica descriptiva; los resultados se obtuvieron mediante métodos estadísticos de regresión

y correlación lineal múltiple. Las variables tomadas fueron: radiación solar, precipitación,

humedad relativa, temperatura media y calibre de frutos de la zona en estudio. Se definieron

los valores de los factores climáticos con ayuda de datos obtenidos del INAMHI desde 1984

hasta 2018; así mismo, se determinó que no existe variación en el cambio climático en las

variables antes mencionadas, a excepción de la temperatura media, el cual indica que aumenta

unos 0,03 grados centígrados con cada año transcurrido; por último, se analizó la influencia

entre la radiación solar y el calibre de los frutos, encontrándose que no existe correlación entre

las variables. Concluyendo esta investigación, según diversos autores manifestaron que, con

un adecuado manejo integrado del cultivo y del suelo (nutrición, agua, labores culturales

varieties of mango grown, is of great importance due to its nutritional source of vitamins,

mainly rich in beta-carotene and vitamin A, essential for development and growth, favor the

body's immune system, and have antioxidant properties. It also provides vitamin C, necessary

for the growth and repair of body tissues, healing, promotes the absorption of iron, among other

functions; folic acid, especially important in pregnant women for the normal development of

the baby and to prevent anemia. (Vargas-Salgado et al., 2022 p .461)

Mangoes are one of the most demanded fruits worldwide by exporting countries. Due to its

color, flavor and for being a shock resistant fruit, the Tommy Atkins mango is a very desirable

fruit for the international market. In the 2018 season, producers in all export zones indicated

that one of the main production problems was the size of the fruit, since around 50% of the

production, the average fruit weight was less than 333g, that is, an irregular year due to the low

weight of the fruit. (Llamas-Molina et al., 2022)

During the mango harvest season, farmers indicated that the size of the mango fruit is very

the export sector. Some farmers attribute this anomaly to low solar radiation and various

climatic factors.

Table 1. Main mango growth stages

multiple linear regression, more than one explanatory variable was used; this offered the

advantage of using more information in the construction of the model.

Independent variables

Cerecita Export Zone

Dependent variables

The corresponding data were obtained from the Inamhi database for the last 34 years.

• Solar radiation• Precipitation• Average temperature• Relative humidity• Fruit sizes:

Fundación Mango Ecuador was asked for the records of the number of boxes exported in the

last 5 years from each producer under study, detailing the quantity of fruit and size.

Variance Of Climatic Factors In Cerecita

Table 3, 4 and 5 show the means obtained when evaluating the variance of the climatic factors

such as: solar radiation, precipitation, relative humidity and average temperature; throughout

the years from 1984 to 2018 in the Cerecita area. According to the analysis of variance, a

do not have a relationship between them, that is to say, the climatic factors vary very little

according to the years since they are maintained in a uniform straight line. (See figure 1, 2, 3).

Except for the average temperature, which shows a moderately positive regression in which it

can be seen that as the years go by, the average temperature increases in this area. (See figure

Table 3. Precipitation - Cerecite

Moise, 2021

Figure 4. Scatter plot for mean temperature in Cerecita.

Cerecita - Producer E

In the analysis of variance of the fruit size calibers of the Tommy Atkins mango variety for the

Cerecita zone, producer E, it was determined that no statistical significance was found between

solar radiation and the different fruit calibers, since in all the variables the p-value was greater

than 0.05 of significance. Likewise, in the regression and multiple linear correlation,

determination coefficients closer to zero were found, so that the variables have very little

relationship between them or there is no correlation between them in some cases.

For the influence of solar r. on 6-gauge fruit in Producer E., a p-value of 0.5233 was

determined, greater than 0.05 probability, so no statistical significance was found between the

variables.

solar radiation and the different fruit calibers, since in all variables the p-value was greater than

0.05 of significance. Likewise, in the regression and multiple linear correlation, determination

coefficients closer to zero were found, so that the variables have very little relationship between

them or there is no correlation between them in some cases.

Cerecita- Producer G

In the analysis of variance of the fruit size calibers of the Tommy Atkins mango variety for the

Cerecita zone, producer G, it was determined that no statistical significance was found between

solar radiation and the different fruit calibers, since in all the variables the p-value was greater

than 0.05 of significance. Likewise, in the regression and multiple linear correlation,

determination coefficients closer to zero were found, so that the variables have very little

relationship between them or there is no correlation between them in some cases.

After having carried out the analysis and interpretation of data in the mango crop, it was

possible to define the values of different climatic factors from 1984 to 2018, for each area

studied, by means of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (INAMHI, NASA

Morgado-Carrasco et al., (2021) indicates that it is necessary to have climatic data from at least

25 years ago in order to be able to carry out a more precise analysis of the alteration of these

data. The respective data tabulation was carried out to determine the variance in the climatic

factors of the different zones studied and it was found that all the factors of the zones under

study had no variance in relation to the time elapsed, except for the mean temperature factor,

which indicates that the temperature rises 0.03 degrees Celsius for each year elapsed.

According to Cifuentes & Amariles, (2017) plant growth and fruit formation are closely related

to the use of solar radiation. Thus, a reduction in light intensity affects above all the induction

of the flower bud, its differentiation, fruit set, size, color and fruit quality and to a lesser degree

growth. Therefore, according to Flórez et al., (2021)the current average global surface

contamination by oil combustion processes, machinery, animals, etc.

Emitting the so-called greenhouse gases that raise temperatures in the atmosphere. However,

the results of the research indicate that there was no correlation between the variables solar

radiation and fruit size by size of the Tommy Atkins variety in any of the zones, and that no

statistical significance was found between the variables of fruit size and solar radiation,

possibly due to the climatic conditions of the zone: hours of daily light.

Low solar radiation can cause stress resulting in elongation of internodes, thinner stems, broad

and thin leaves, and poor development of the root system. In addition, it can cause smaller

fruits, due to deficient photosynthesis in the leaves near them; and in general, poor coloration

and reduced skin brightness, according to studies carried out by ( Morgado-Carrasco et al.,

2022)