Environment reforestation, care and

protection of trees

Medio ambiente reforestación, cuidado y protección de los

árboles

Verónica Baque Escobar

Christian Javier Torres Becerra

Aldo Maino Isaias

Abstract: The result of the research project "Environmental

awareness campaign: reforestation, care and protection of the trees of

the Centro de Estudios Espiritu Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil" is

presented. The protection of the environment has become an essential

and mandatory need, so the objective is to implement community

participation strategies to involve students of the Centro de Estudios

Espiritu Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil in urban forestation

activities, environmental awareness and care of green areas. The study

adopted a qualitative and quantitative methodological approach, using

specific techniques such as documentary review and bibliographic

research. The sample selected for this study focused on the Centro de

Estudios Espíritu Santo in the city of Guayaquil. The results show a

clear discrepancy between the perceptions of the surveyed population

regarding deforestation in the city of Guayaquil; while the authors

made a contrast between the results obtained from different theses,

scientific studies, etc. In conclusions, this study proposes new

research questions or proposals for ecological projects.

Keywords: Ecological, Forestation, Protection, Environmental,

Guayaquil

Resumen: Se presenta el resultado del proyecto de investigación

“Campaña de sensibilización ambiental: reforestación, cuidado y

protección de los árboles del Centro de Estudios Espíritu Santo de la

Ciudad de Guayaquil”. La protección del medio ambiente se ha vuelto

una necesidad esencial y obligatoria, por lo que el objetivo es

implementar estrategias de participación comunitaria para involucrar

a los estudiantes del Centro de Estudios Espíritu Santo de la Ciudad

de Guayaquil en actividades de forestación urbana, concienciación

ambiental y cuidado de áreas verdes. El estudio adoptó un enfoque

metodológico cualitativo y cuantitativo, se utilizaron técnicas

específicas como la revisión documental y la investigación

bibliográfica. La muestra seleccionada para este estudio se enfocó en

el Centro de Estudios Espíritu Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil. Los

resultados muestran una clara discrepancia entre las percepciones de

la población encuestada respecto a la deforestación en la ciudad de

Guayaquil; mientras que los autores realizaron un contraste entre los

resultados obtenidos de distintas tesis, estudios científicos, etc. En

Published

Instituto Tecnológico Superior Edwards

Deming. Quito – Ecuador

Periodicity

July - September

Vol. 1, Num. 22, 2024

pp. 30-43

http://centrosuragraria.com/index.php/revista

Dates of receipt

Received: January 02, 2024

Approved: February 22, 2024

Correspondence author

vbaque@tes.edu.ec

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License, Attribution-

NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0

International.https://creativecommons.org/lice

nses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es

Msc. Instituto Superior Tecnológico

Universitario Espíritu Santo

vbaque@tes.edu.ec, https://orcid.org/0009-

0008-1485-3828

Msc. Instituto Superior Tecnológico

Universitario Espíritu Santo,

chtorres@tes.edu.ec, https://orcid.org/0009-

0007-2626-1611

PhD. Instituto Superior Tecnologico

Universitario Espiritu Santo,

amaino@tes.edu.ec, https://orcid.org/0000-

0002-8759-6462

July - September vol. 1. Num. 22 - 2024

conclusiones, este estudio propone nuevas preguntas de investigación

o propuestas de proyectos ecológicos.

Palabras clave: Ecológicos, Forestación, Protección, Ambiental,

Guayaquil

INTRODUCTION

Today, caring for the environment has become a vital and imperative

need. Not only do we depend on it for our daily survival and well-being,

but we also recognize our responsibility to preserve it for future

generations. The environment not only provides us with clean air, clean

water and food, but also sustains biodiversity and balances the

ecosystems that make life on planet Earth possible.

In this context, it is essential to consider the impact of our actions on

the natural environment and take concrete steps to reduce our ecological

footprint. In the city of Guayaquil, where scarce forestation is an

obvious concern, the implementation of projects aimed at mitigating

this problem would be of great help. These projects could include

reforestation initiatives, promotion of renewable energies, proper waste

management and environmental education to raise public awareness of

the importance of conserving natural resources.

Ultimately, investing in projects that reduce Guayaquil's ecological

footprint would not only benefit the natural environment and the health

of its inhabitants, but also lay the foundation for a more sustainable and

prosperous future for generations to come. It is essential to act now to

protect and preserve the environment, ensuring a lasting and healthy

legacy for present and future communities in Ecuador's coastal city.

The constant problem is the scarce forestation that exists in the city

despite failed municipal attempts to increase the ecological footprint.

The scarce afforestation in Guayaquil contributes to the loss of natural

habitats and a decrease in biodiversity. This negatively affects flora and

fauna species that depend on forest ecosystems for their survival, which

can lead to the extinction of local species and the disruption of natural

ecosystems.

The scarce forestation in Guayaquil increases the risk of flooding and

soil erosion, especially during periods of heavy rainfall. Trees and green

areas help absorb excess water, thus reducing the risk of flooding and

soil erosion by strengthening the soil structure with their roots.

Environment reforestation, care and protection of trees

Saavedra, M., & Calderón, M. (2021), found a provision of the National

Environmental Authority (Ministry of Environment and Water) must

design and implement tools considered within projects to provide

technical assistance and services for good forest management, disease

control, pests, reforestation, among other actions.

The provision found suggests that tools should be developed and

applied within projects that provide technical assistance and services

aimed at improving forest management, controlling diseases and pests,

as well as promoting reforestation and other actions related to the

sustainable management of natural resources. This recommendation

highlights the importance of coordinated and effective action by

environmental authorities to address the problem of poor forestation in

the city and its associated impacts.Principle of the form

The lack of trees at Centro de Estudios Espiritu Santo in the City of

Guayaquil contributes to climate change by reducing the city's carbon

dioxide (CO2) absorption capacity. Trees are critical to mitigating the

effects of climate change by acting as carbon sinks and helping to

regulate the local climate by providing shade and water evaporation.

Implement community participation strategies to involve the Espiritu

Santo Study Center of the City of Guayaquil in urban forestation

activities, environmental awareness and care of green areas, promoting

shared responsibility in the conservation of the natural environment.

It is relevant to inquire about the environment, reforestation, care and

protection of trees in Guayaquil due to the importance of trees and green

areas in the ecological balance and quality of life of citizens. The lack

of trees and the scarce forest cover in the Espíritu Santo Study Center

in the City of Guayaquil not only contribute to the deterioration of the

environment, but also have a negative impact on the health and well-

being of the population, increasing air pollution, urban stress and the

risk of diseases related to the lack of green spaces. Therefore, it is

essential to implement concrete actions to reverse this situation and

promote greater community participation in the conservation of the

natural environment.

To address the problem of scarce forestation in the Espíritu Santo Study

Center in the City of Guayaquil and the failed municipal attempts to

increase the ecological footprint, it is proposed to implement strategies

July - September vol. 1. Num. 22 - 2024

of community participation of educational institutions, non-profit

associations, in order to actively involve residents in activities related

to urban reforestation, environmental awareness and care of green

areas. These strategies will be based on the creation of educational

programs, environmental awareness events, practical workshops on tree

planting and maintenance techniques, as well as the promotion of

cooperation between public institutions, non-governmental

organizations and the community in general.

The objective of implementing community participation strategies at

the Centro de Estudios Espiritu Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil is to

promote shared responsibility in the conservation of the natural

environment, increase citizens' sense of belonging to their city and

foster a culture of respect and care for the environment. By actively

involving the students of the Centro de Estudios Espiritu Santo de la

Ciudad de Guayaquil in urban reforestation activities, environmental

awareness and care of green areas, we seek to create a positive change

in the attitude and behavior of the population towards the protection of

natural resources and the promotion of sustainable urban development

in Guayaquil. This will not only benefit the environment and the health

of the inhabitants, but will also contribute to improving the image and

quality of life of the city as a whole.

Authors such as Lezama, J., & Graizbord, B. (2019), mention that the

environment refers to the possibility of thinking nature in its

relationship with the human, as a product of its intervention, the

ultimate result of the impact of man's action on his natural environment.

But it is at the same time a return movement, an action of nature on

social life, a natural limit, a restriction, a source of life and a provider

of goods.

The authors emphasize that the environment is not static, but involves

a constant movement of interaction between nature and society. This

interaction involves not only the transformation of the natural

environment by humans, but also the capacity of nature to influence

human activities and the configuration of social life. In this sense, the

environment acts as a natural limit and constraint to human actions,

while providing the vital resources necessary for human survival and

well-being.

The study by Romero, J. et al., (2020), highlights the importance of

environmental preservation on the part of the States of the world in

accordance with the economic growth at a general level; Colombia

Environment reforestation, care and protection of trees

being the country that is specifically mentioned in the approach to the

complex subject of the environment and the field of economic

development.

It is essential to recognize that environmental preservation is not only a

moral and ethical imperative, but also a necessity to ensure sustainable

and equitable economic growth worldwide. The fact that Colombia is

specifically mentioned in this analysis highlights the leading role that

some countries can play in integrating policies and strategies that

harmonize economic development with the protection of the natural

environment. This suggests that, through a holistic and coordinated

approach, it is possible to promote a development model that does not

compromise natural resources and that guarantees the long-term

conservation of ecosystems vital for human well-being and

biodiversity. In this sense, the study underscores the importance of the

world's States adopting concrete and effective measures to address

environmental challenges, recognizing the interdependence between

the environment and the economy in order to build a sustainable and

prosperous future for present and future generations.

According to Zambrano, J. D., & Zambrano, J. P. (2021), reforestation

is the operation of populating or repopulating with varieties of arboreal

or shrubby plants, through planting, managed regeneration or

cultivation, on any type of property, and also defines a forest plantation

as a forest mass resulting from reforestation.

Reforestation, as described above, represents a fundamental action to

repopulate degraded or deforested areas with plant species, thus

contributing to the recovery of biodiversity and ecosystem

functionality. Likewise, the distinction between reforestation and forest

planting highlights the need for an integrated approach to natural

resource management, where proper planning and management play a

key role in the creation of healthy and sustainable forest stands. In this

context, reforestation is presented as a valuable tool in the fight against

climate change, soil and water conservation, and wildlife protection,

being essential for building a more balanced future for the planet and

future generations.

Sierra, R., & Marina, F. (2020), emphasize the care and preservation of

the environment, including animals, water sources and trees.

Recognizing the interdependence between all these essential elements

July - September vol. 1. Num. 22 - 2024

for ecological balance is a crucial step towards a more holistic approach

to environmental conservation. The health and prosperity of ecosystems

are intrinsically dependent on the protection of each of these

components, and it is our responsibility as a society to ensure their

preservation for the present and future well-being of our planet and all

life forms that inhabit it.

Bogota, a city aware of its environmental impact and with an active

population in terms of citizen participation, has implemented several

ecological projects over the years. An example of this is the study by

Riveros, M. (2018), which examines a project aimed at counteracting

high temperatures in the city. On the other hand, according to Venegas,

M. (2023), various causes contribute to deforestation, including aspects

of modernization, uncontrolled fires and land use change, especially

agricultural expansion. These findings highlight the importance of a

comprehensive and continuous environmental management to address

environmental problems and build a more balanced and healthy future

for Bogotá and its residents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study adopted a methodological approach that combined both

qualitative and quantitative elements, employing a non-experimental

descriptive comparative design. This strategy allowed the researchers

to obtain a complete and detailed understanding of the situation studied

(Sayago, S., 2014). To carry out the analysis, specific techniques such

as documentary review and bibliographic research were used. These

tools provided a solid basis for the collection and examination of

relevant data, thus facilitating the evaluation and interpretation of the

results obtained.

The sample selected for this study focused on the students of the Centro

de Estudios Espíritu Santo in the city of Guayaquil. This choice of

sample is crucial since this specific area can offer significant

information about the problem studied and the possible solutions that

could be implemented. By targeting this community, the researchers

were able to obtain local and direct perspectives that enriched the

analysis and understanding of the study problem (Martinez. et al. 2023).

In addition, by focusing on a specific geographic location, comparison

and identification of patterns and trends within the population studied

is facilitated.

Environment reforestation, care and protection of trees

The methodological approach used in this study allowed the researchers

to combine multiple research techniques to obtain a comprehensive

view of the analyzed problem. The choice of the sample, centered on

the Centro de Estudios Espiritu Santo in the City of Guayaquil,

provided a solid basis for data collection and situation assessment. This

rigorous, community-centered approach helped generate meaningful

insights that could inform decision-making and the implementation of

concrete actions to address the identified challenges (Sanchez, F.,

2019).

RESULT

95% of the people surveyed for the study by Jaramillo, T. (2021), do

not agree with the existence of deforestation in the city; on the other

hand, 5%, representing one person, mentioned that perhaps they would

agree. 95% of the citizens know the consequences that would occur in

the city due to the lack of green spaces, that is to say, people know that

the lack of green spaces would cause a greater agglomeration of people

who would not be able to live healthily, nor would there be places where

they could recreate as a family. Only 5%, which represents one person,

is unaware of the consequences.

The results obtained from Jaramillo's (2021) study show a clear

discrepancy between the perceptions of the surveyed population

regarding deforestation. While 95% of respondents disagree with the

existence of deforestation, the remaining 5% express a more ambiguous

or possibly favorable opinion. This divergence of opinions highlights

the need for greater environmental awareness and education in the

community to adequately understand and address the challenges related

to the loss of green spaces and urban deforestation.

The implementation of community participation strategies proposed in

the article can complement these results by fostering a broader

understanding and active participation of Guayaquil residents in the

conservation of the natural environment. By involving the community

in urban forestation activities, environmental awareness and care of

green areas, a culture of shared responsibility in the protection and

preservation of the urban environment can be promoted. This would not

only contribute to addressing the problems identified in the survey, but

would also strengthen the collective commitment towards a more

sustainable and green future for the city.

July - September vol. 1. Num. 22 - 2024

The scientific article by Pereira, Y. (2019) on Reforestation as an

Environmental Strategy for the Conservation of rivers and streams,

mentions that the project was able to raise awareness among the

villagers and their participation in the reforestation of the watershed.

Likewise, the community was oriented to the care and conservation of

the planted forest species, as well as the existing ones.

The research shows how the project succeeded in raising awareness

among local people about the importance of environmental

conservation and their active participation in the reforestation of the

watershed. It also highlights the focus on orienting the community on

the care and conservation of both the new and existing forest species

planted. These findings underscore the importance of involving local

communities in environmental restoration initiatives, not only to

improve the health of river ecosystems, but also to promote greater

environmental awareness and a sense of shared responsibility for the

protection of nature.

In the study on the "Reforestation plan with practices that improve the

conservation of natural resources in the areas of the water sources of

the El Mozo moor", the study mentions that it is important that the

community organizations for water management have statutes and

internal regulations that regulate the appropriate use and exploitation of

the resources of their moor. Among its conclusions, it mentions that it

is important that community organizations for water management have

internal statutes and regulations that regulate the appropriate use and

exploitation of their moorland resources (Delgado, J., & Calle, S.,

2012).

This conclusion reflects a comprehensive approach to natural resource

conservation, recognizing the need for adequate and sustainable

management of these fragile and vital ecosystems. By providing these

organizations with bylaws and internal regulations, greater community

responsibility and commitment to the protection and proper use of the

páramo's water resources is promoted. This not only contributes to the

preservation of these unique ecosystems, but also strengthens the

resilience of local communities and their capacity to face environmental

challenges in the future.

Martinez, M. (2017), mentions that the lack of public participation

within the planning exercise and project execution. Certainly, it shows

that there is a total ignorance on the part of urban residents towards

Environment reforestation, care and protection of trees

policies and management tools, as well as the tangible results of the

research.

Regarding the care of trees, it was identified that students are not clear

about the role that trees play in the environment; regarding the process

of recycling elements in the school context, there is no clarity about the

container in which waste elements generated in the school should be

deposited. Zambrano, M., et al., (2020).

In the bibliographic analysis of the different results, some of the authors

highlighted the need to establish internal regulations and norms within

the community organizations in charge of water management in the

páramos as crucial to guarantee the long-term conservation of these

vital ecosystems. Their conclusions highlight the importance of

adequate and sustainable management of natural resources, recognizing

the fundamental role played by local communities in the protection and

responsible use of water resources.

The research shows the transformative power of reforestation as an

environmental strategy for the conservation of rivers and streams. The

results highlight the importance of involving local communities in

environmental restoration, promoting greater environmental awareness

and a sense of shared responsibility towards the protection of nature.

This demonstrates how local actions can have a significant impact on

the health of river ecosystems and the quality of life of surrounding

communities.

Other authors reveal a marked discrepancy between the opinions of the

surveyed population. While 95% of respondents reject the idea that

deforestation exists, the remaining 5% are more ambiguous or possibly

in favor. This divergence of opinions underscores the importance of

promoting greater environmental awareness and education within the

community to understand and adequately address the challenges

associated with the loss of green areas and urban deforestation.

It is prudent to propose research questions that help in the creation of

projects related to the Environment Reforestation, Care and Protection

of the Trees of the Centro de Estudios Espíritu Santo de la Ciudad de

Guayaquil; the questions could be: What are the ecological, social and

economic benefits of increasing the tree cover of the Centro de Estudios

Espíritu Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil; What is the level of

July - September vol. 1. Num. 22 - 2024

awareness and participation of the local community in the conservation

and care of the trees in the Centro de Estudios Espíritu Santo de la

Ciudad de Guayaquil?What is the level of awareness and participation

of the local community in the conservation and care of trees in the

Centro de Estudios Espíritu Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil; what is

the perception of the residents and users of the Centro de Estudios

Espíritu Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil; about the importance of

reforestation and tree care in this urban space; and finally, what is the

potential impact of reforestation and tree care in the Centro de Estudios

Espíritu Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil? And finally, what is the

potential impact of reforestation projects in the Centro de Estudios

Espiritu Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil; in terms of improving the

urban landscape, quality of life of residents and attracting green

tourism?

CONCLUSIONS

According to the results presented by the previous authors, it can be

concluded that the implementation of community participation

strategies is fundamental to address environmental challenges and

promote the conservation of the natural environment. The studies

highlight the importance of raising public awareness of the need to

protect and preserve natural resources, as well as the active participation

of the community in reforestation initiatives, care of green areas, and

sustainable management of water resources.

In this sense, the proposed strategy of involving the students of the

Centro de Estudios Espíritu Santo of the City of Guayaquil in urban

forestation activities, environmental awareness and care of green areas

fulfills the objective of promoting shared responsibility in the

conservation of the natural environment. By empowering the local

community and promoting their active participation in the management

and protection of the environment, significant results can be achieved

in the preservation of natural resources and the construction of a more

sustainable and healthy environment for all.

These results can significantly help to address the problem of scarce

forestation in the Centro de Estudios Espiritu Santo in the city of

Guayaquil, and the failed municipal attempts to increase the ecological

footprint. By involving students in urban forestation activities,

environmental awareness and care of green areas, a sense of ownership

and responsibility towards the natural environment can be created. This

can lead to greater community collaboration and engagement in

Environment reforestation, care and protection of trees

promoting sustainable environmental management practices and

effective implementation of reforestation and conservation projects.

Furthermore, by working together with citizens, municipal authorities

can benefit from innovative ideas and creative solutions to address these

challenges, which could lead to a positive change in the forestation

situation and the ecological footprint of the Centro de Estudios Espiritu

Santo de la Ciudad de Guayaquil.

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https://www.revistaespacios.com/a20v41n13/20411318.html