Diversidad y composición de la comunidad de nemátodos en cultivos hortícolas y banano
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Los cultivos hortícolas y de musáceas representan una gran importancia económica para el Ecuador. Aunque existen estudios sobre la asociación de nemátodos fitopatógenos y los perjuicios que causan, poco se ha investigado sobre la diversidad y composición de nemátodos en dichos cultivos. El presente estudio evalúa la diversidad, composición y abundancia de la comunidad de nemátodos relacionado con las características físico-químicas del suelo, reporta la diversidad de Shannon H’ y la estructura de la comunidad de nemátodos, a partir de sus grupos tróficos, estructura de la comunidad colonizadores – persistentes (c-p) e índice de madurez (IM). Este trabajo presenta resultados de suelos en plantaciones hortícolas y de banano en las provincias del Azuay (sierra), El Oro y Guayas (costa) respectivamente. Los resultados demostraron promedios en las variables materia orgánica (MO%), temperatura (T°C) y humedad (H%) con diferencias significativas (P<0.05) entre las regiones de muestreo. No se encontraron organismos del grupo trófico micofago en todo el estudio. Géneros como Tylenchus, Helycotylenchus y Pratylenchus, representaron más del 50% del total de las colectadas. Pero se pudo observar una notable diferencia del grupo trófico predador con una abundancia mayor en la región Costa que en la Sierra. En general, las regiones de cultivo Costa y Sierra tuvieron un impacto considerable en la abundancia y variables físico-químicas. El clima presento un efecto importante en la distribución y diversidad de nemátodos, entre ellos los del grupo trófico predador. La abundancia del grupo trófico herbívoro pudo verse mediada por la presencia del grupo trófico predador.
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