Los medios de vida y la valoración de servicios ecosistémicos en sur América y Ecuador
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La valoración de los servicios ecosistémicos de zonas alto andinas específicamente en ecosistemas de páramo es esencial ya que proporcionan sustento a medios de vida locales ya sea por regulación hídrica, almacenamiento de agua, captura de carbono, protección contra deslizamientos e inundaciones, turismo y biodiversidad por lo que establecer. La presente investigación se centra en una revisión exhaustiva de estudios revisados por pares relacionados a servicios ecosistémicos en América del Sur y Ecuador utilizando bases de datos de Science Direct, Taylos & Francis y Springer (búsqueda de títulos, resúmenes y palabras clave: Los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron la combinación de las siguientes palabras clave: “ecosystem services”, “payment ecosystem services”, “paramo”, “Andes”, “Ecuador”, “grassland”. De la búsqueda bibliográfica se consideró artículos solo si cumplían los siguientes criterios: Artículos en idioma inglés, centrado en ecosistemas altoandinos, periodos de búsqueda 2010-2020. Se ha mostrado que existen varios vacíos en temas de servicios ecosistémicos como PSE (pagos por servicios ambientales) ya que estos influyen en la gestión de los recursos naturales, además los CE (Comercio por emisiones) son útiles para hacer que los participantes reflexionen sobre elementos específicos de los pagos por servicios ambientales. Los hallazgos más importantes dentro de este contexto fueron la mala distribución de la riqueza y desconocimiento de los procesos para acceder a estos beneficios ambientales.
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Bremer, L. L., Farley, K. A., DeMaagd, N., Suárez, E., Cárate Tandalla, D., Vasco Tapia, S., & Mena Vásconez, P. (2019). Biodiversity outcomes of payment for ecosystem services: lessons from páramo grasslands. Biodiversity and Conservation, 28(4), 885-908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01700-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01700-3
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Bremer, L. L., Farley, K. A., Chadwick, O. A., & Harden, C. P. (2016). Changes in carbon storage with land management promoted by payment for ecosystem services. Environmental Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892916000199
Bremer, L. L., Farley, K. A., DeMaagd, N., Suárez, E., Cárate Tandalla, D., Vasco Tapia, S., & Mena Vásconez, P. (2019). Biodiversity outcomes of payment for ecosystem services: lessons from páramo grasslands. Biodiversity and Conservation, 28(4), 885-908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01700-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01700-3
Bremer, L. L., Farley, K. A., & Lopez-Carr, D. (2014). What factors influence participation in payment for ecosystem services programs? An evaluation of Ecuador's SocioPáramo program. Land Use Policy, 36, 122-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.08.002.
Bremer, L. L., Farley, K. A., Lopez-Carr, D., & Romero, J. (2014). Conservation and livelihood outcomes of payment for ecosystem services in the Ecuadorian Andes: What is the potential for 'win-win'? Ecosystem Services, 8, 148-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOSER.2014.03.007.
Farley, K. A., Anderson, W. G., Bremer, L. L., & Harden, C. P. (2011). Compensation for ecosystem services: An evaluation of efforts to achieve conservation and development in Ecuadorian paramo grasslands. Environmental Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1017/S037689291100049X
Farley, K. A., & Bremer, L. L. (2017). "Water Is Life": Local Perceptions of Páramo Grasslands and Land Management Strategies Associated with Payment for Ecosystem Services. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107(2), 371-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2016.1254020
Hayes, T., & Murtinho, F. (2018). Communal governance, equity and payment for ecosystem services. Land Use Policy, 79, 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2018.08.001
Hayes, T., Murtinho, F., Cárdenas Camacho, L. M., Crespo, P., McHugh, S., & Salmerón, D. (2014). Can Conservation Contracts Co-exist with Change? Payment for Ecosystem Services in the Context of Adaptive Decision-Making and Sustainability. Environmental Management, 55(1), 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0380-1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0380-1
Hayes, T., Murtinho, F., & Wolff, H. (2015). An institutional analysis of Payment for Environmental Services on collectively managed lands in Ecuador. Ecological Economics, 118, 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLECON.2015.07.017
Hayes, T., Murtinho, F., & Wolff, H. (2017). The Impact of Payments for Environmental Services on Communal Lands: An Analysis of the Factors Driving Household Land-Use Behavior in Ecuador. World Development, 93, 427-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2017.01.003.
Joslin, A. J. (2019). Unpacking 'Success': Applying Local Perceptions to Interpret Influences of Water Fund Payments for Ecosystem Services in the Ecuadorian Andes. Society and Natural Resources, 32(6), 617-637. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2018.1559379
Lliso, B., Pascual, U., Engel, S., & Mariel, P. (2020). Payments for ecosystem services or collective stewardship of Mother Earth? Applying deliberative valuation in an indigenous community in Colombia. Ecological Economics, 169, 106499. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLECON.2019.106499
Rolando, J. L., Turin, C., Ramírez, D. A., Mares, V., Monerris, J., & Quiroz, R. (2017). Key ecosystem services and ecological intensification of agriculture in the tropical high-Andean Puna as affected by land-use and climate changes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 236, 221-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.010.
Social-ecological Systems of Latin America: Complexities and Challenges (2019). In L. E. Delgado & V. H. Marín (Eds.), Social-ecological Systems of Latin America: Complexities and Challenges. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28452-7
Vergara-Buitrago, P. A. (2020). Strategies implemented by the Colombian National System of Protected Areas to conserve páramos. Revista de Ciencias Ambientales, 54(1), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.15359/rca.54-1.9