Hydrogeomorphological description of the Upper Macul River Watershed, Ecuador.
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Abstract
Fresh water is a vital natural resource for development, and there is a strong relationship between water distribution and economic productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve, preserve and restore the functionality of river systems. Hence, the importance of basins stands out because they collect and store water. Therefore, it is essential to ensure an ecological flow for the permanence of habitats. The biodiversity of ecosystems that Ecuador presents has become one of the main problems in the management of water resources, since it is necessary to carry out various individualized studies by hydrographic basin. The hydrological characterization of the upper basin of the Macul River allows improving water and soil management. Its approximate surface is 18,000 hectares, being its natural limits the cantons: El Empalme (province of Guayas), Buena Fe, Quevedo and Mocache (province of Los Ríos). Through the Geographic Information Systems (SIG) the coverage and uses in the basin were analyzed to know the progressive changes with ERDAS; establish the geomorphological characteristics and hydrogeomorphological status of the basin with IDRISI; and to understand the dynamics of the river system through the water balance with the SWAT hydrological model. The results indicate that there are significant changes in the coverage and uses of the basin; the hypsometric state and the hydrogeomorphological quality is stable and the fluvial system receives a good contribution from rainfall, although its consumptive use is high due to anthropic activity. The main contribution of the study is the hydrological analysis of the upper basin of the Macul River developed with hydrological models that integrate GIS. In addition, the data obtained form part of an information base for the proposal of a comprehensive and sustainable management plan for water resources.
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